Subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging via spatial-mode demultiplexing: semiclassical treatment

摘要

I present a semiclassical analysis of a spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE)measurement scheme for far-field incoherent optical imaging under the effectsof diffraction and photon shot noise. Building on previous results that assumetwo point sources or the Gaussian point-spread function, I generalize SPADE fora larger class of point-spread functions and evaluate its errors in estimatingthe moments of an arbitrary subdiffraction object. Compared with the limits todirect imaging set by the Cram\'er-Rao bounds, the results show that SPADE canoffer far superior accuracy in estimating the second and higher-order moments.